The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in semi-urban population of Nepal.

The increase in life expectancy in developing countries and as a result of increasing obesity and other life style changes, the global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in semi-urban population of Nepal and to compare the prevalence between men and women and among different age groups. A total 740 adults (286 men and 454 women) aged 21 to 94 years (men +/- SD; 45.6 +/- 15.6 years) were included. The prevalence of T2DM and IFG was 9.5% and 19.2% in the whole population. Prevalence of T2DM was higher in men (11.8%) then in women (7.9%), similarly IFG was noted higher in men (25%) then in women (15.4%0). The prevalence of T2DM and IFG was seen to be increased with age in the whole population. Among women, the prevalence of T2DM and IFG was 2.9% and 12.8% in 21 to 40 years age group, 9.7% and 13.8% in 41 to 60 years age group and 15.4% and 27.7% in > 60 years age group. Among men, it was 4.7% and 22.6% in 21 to 40 years age group, 13.3% and 30.5% in 41 to 60 years age group and 23% and 17.3% in > 60 years age group. To conclude, the overall prevalence of T2DM and IFG increases with age. Prevalence of IFG is highest among middle age men where as the prevalence of T2DM is highest among older men.

Assessment of carotid artery dimensions by ultrasound in non-smoker healthy adults of both sexes.

Assessment of carotid artery lumen diameter and intima-media thickness is becoming as a surrogate marker of early evaluation of cardiovascular disease. Present study aims to describe the normal carotid dimensions in healthy adults of both sexes. A total of 123 healthy volunteers including 65 men and 58 women, aged 21 to 60 years (mean +/- SD; 35.66 +/- 8.84 years) were studied. Ultrasound study of both carotid arteries were performed with a 7.5 MHz linear array transducer. Common carotid artery lumen diameter ranged from 4.3 mm to 7.7 mm. Difference was not noted between left and right common carotid artery lumen diameter (5.78 +/- 0.57 mm and 5.86 +/- 0.66 mm), and internal and external carotid artery lumen diameter as well. Both left and right common carotid artery, internal and external carotid artery lumen diameter tended to be larger (p < 0.05) in men than women. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness ranged from 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm. Difference was not noted between left and right common carotid intima-media thickness when separately analyzed among men, women and the entire population. Difference was also not noted in comparison between men and women. Conclusion: Common carotid artery and internal and external carotid artery lumen diameter tends to be larger in men than women among young adults. There is no difference between left and right carotid artery lumen diameter. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness is similar in comparison between left and right and both sexes.